The Purpose Of Measurements Health And Social Care Essay

In this practical, we are making hand-on measuring on length and comprehensiveness of the topic. By mensurating the length and comprehensiveness, it will enable us to gauge the organic structure frame and organic structure composing of the topic. For illustration, biepicondylar humerus ( elbow comprehensiveness ) is a good step of frame size and skeletal dimensions. It is less affected by adiposeness comparison to other anthropometric dimension and it is besides extremely associated with musculus size and thin organic structure mass. Beside that, length and breadth step can besides assist jocks to find the best organic structure composing for public presentation. For illustration, a swimmer may necessitate larger biacromial measuring to execute good in his athletics. Other than that, length and breadth step can besides utilize to supervise the growing and development of kid. The challenges we face in executing the measuring include trouble in landmarking. For illustration, as an inexperient pupil, we found trouble in placing the acromiale particularly in feeling the spinal column of the shoulder blade. Besides, we besides find trouble in mensurating the biepicondylar thighbone as we have difficulty in placing the sites of the epicondyles due to the midst hypodermic bed below the tegument. Furthermore, during the practical, while we use the anthropometer or calliper to use force per unit area to compact the overlying tissue in order to obtain a more accurate reading, the calliper will be given to skid off from the site of the landmark. This job particularly occur in mensurating biacromial and biepicondylar thighbone. The consequences of organic structure fat and musculus mass got from computations and utilizing bioelectrical electric resistance analysis ( BIA ) are different. By computation, the organic structure fat and musculus mass obtained are 21.1 % and 78.9 % severally. Whereas for BIA, the organic structure fat and musculus mass obtained are 25.6 % and 74.4 % severally by utilizing manus held machine and 28.9 % and 71.1 % severally by utilizing 4-point machine. There is difference of consequence for organic structure fat and musculus mass from computations and utilizing BIA. This is because consequence of organic structure fat and musculus mass from computation are utilizing skinfold thickness measuring. During the measuring of skinfold thickness, there may hold some intra-measurer mistake from site of landmarking and measuring, skinfold squeezability, variableness between readings and besides technique of utilizing the equipment. Whereas by utilizing BIA machine, less proficient mistake w ill happen as we merely identify in information such as age, gender, tallness and weight to acquire the per centum of organic structure fat. Therefore, computation of organic structure composing utilizing BIA machine have higher preciseness. The organic structure fat and musculus mass obtained are 25.55 % and 74.45 % severally by utilizing manus held machine and 28.95 % and 71.05 % severally by utilizing 4-point machine. There is a difference of consequence between manus held machine and 4-point machine as manus held machine merely has 2-point electrodes directing electric current to the organic structure while 4-point machine has 4-point electrodes directing electric current which is more accurate in gauging organic structure composing. Harmonizing to the Recommended Percent Body Fat Cut-off Points for Adult Individual ( 18 old ages and above ) , the per centum of organic structure fat obtained from both machine is still within the acceptable ( upper terminal ) . Skinfold measuring is easy to make one time accomplishment has been mastered. In general, combination of skinfold measuring provides a more valid appraisal of organic structure fat content and can bespeak the distribution of hypodermic fat. It does non necessitate much clip as consequence can be produced instantly. It is besides a noninvasive method for step organic structure fat and musculus mass. The equipment used for illustration harpender, slender usher and Lange are cheap and portable comparison to other machine for mensurating per centum organic structure fat such as double energy X ray and plethymography. The restriction may include big technician mistake from site of landmarking and measuring, skinfold squeezability and besides technique of utilizing the equipment. For illustration, some of the finger-thumb pinch or caliper arrangement during measurement may be excessively deep ( musculus ) or excessively superficial ( tegument ) . Another illustration is mid-arm point is fa lsely measured or marked. Besides, skinfold thickness may besides impact by factor other than sum of fat, for illustration exercising, hydrops, dermatitis which will increase the skin thickness and besides desiccation which will diminish the skinfold thickness. It may non besides be an ideal measuring for those who are corpulent and really thin. Bioelectrical electric resistance analysis ( BIA ) is non-invasive, particularly compared to the hydrostatic deliberation and skinfold calliper method. It besides give a good appraisal of organic structure fat per centum. It is besides speedy and easy to utilize in the field by merely key in information such as age, gender, tallness and weight to acquire the per centum of organic structure fat of the topic. The machine is besides low in cost and portable to convey to anyplace compare to other machine for mensurating per centum organic structure fat such as double energy X ray and plethymography. The restriction of BIA is that BIA is hydration-dependent. To guarantee accurate organic structure unstable consequences, the topic should non exert or execute any vigorous activity for at least 8 hours. Besides, the topic should non devour drinks such as caffeine or intoxicant in big measures 12 hours before the trial as these drinks are water pills. The status of the topic such as desiccati on, hydrops, fed or fast province will besides impact the consequence. For a particular status that patient has an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator ( AICD ) , so BIA should non be done. Waist and hip perimeters can utilize to cipher waist to hip ratio ( waist perimeters divided by hip perimeters ) . The waist to hip ratio is a utile method to separate blubber between abdominal country and lower organic structure country. Lower organic structure fleshiness is frequently referred to as â€Å" gynoid fleshiness † as it is more typical to female while abdominal fleshiness is called â€Å" android fleshiness † which is more common among male. Whereas corpulent work forces and adult females can be classified into either group without refering about their sex. The hypodermic fat which is the external fat are mostly found in lower bole while the splanchnic fat which is the internal fat are chiefly found in abdominal country. Deposition of extra fat in the venters as a proportion of entire organic structure fat is strongly associated with increased hazard of developing certain metabolic upsets and obesity-related disease such as hyperinsulinemia, Type 2 diabete s mellitus, lipemia, high blood pressure, coronary bosom disease and others. This sort of fleshiness realted diseases are more likely to be associated with an abdominal fleshiness than a lower organic structure fleshiness. Apart from that, persons with higher waist and hip perimeter will be higher in entire organic structure fat mass. Therefore, beside BMI, waist and hip perimeter should besides be consider every bit good when determinining whether an person is healthy or non. This is because if an person has a normal BMI, but have waist perimeters or waist and hip ratio greater than the acceptable scope, the person is still holding hazard of developing obesity-related disease and metabolic upsets. The % of TEM calculated from skinfold measuring: triceps, subscapular, biceps, and suprailiac are 2.3 % , 3.6 % , 4.2 % , and 1.9 % severally. The values are still acceptable as compared to the mark TEM. Calculations of TEM are needed in skinfold measuring due to skinfolds are notoriously imprecise and both within and between tester mistake can be big. In this practical, due to single work, within tester mistake will be the chief concerned. Poor preciseness frequently reflects within tester mistake ensuing from unequal preparation, instrument mistake and trouble in doing the measuring.

Hawthorne’s Typical Females Essay

Hawthorne’s stories talks a lot about human evil deeds and nature. Several of the themes are parables or allegorical depiction of human nature. Many readers believes that his stories posses morals which represents the culture and traditions during his time. Others consider his approach as sublimely misogynistic due to his portrayal of woman. This paper ought to present an analysis of Hawthorne’s stories. This includes ‘The Minister’s Black veil’, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown’ and ‘The Birthmark’. It involves a critical analysis of the themes and the plot of the stories centering on the presentation of women or female characters in the stories. Also, a high regards on the prevalent culture and traditions during the period when the stories were written will also be analyze to provide a brief history or background as to how the author come up with such ideas. Hawthorne Former American Literature prior to Hawthorne’s stories represents woman or female characters as innocent or as mothers caring, gentle and kind. In this regards one can assume that women are viewed and treated as weak, emotional, understanding and naive (Amoia, 1998). Some even viewed woman as threats which is depicted by Eve. Others discard women as simply unimportant. In literature they almost always play the role of supporting characters if not servants. This mirrors the typical view of woman during Hawthorne’s childhood. Men view woman to be inferior. Nonetheless such outlook does not affect Hawthorne’s judgment. Some scholars believe that this is due to the fact he grows up without a father. Living his whole life with woman around him, helping and caring for him (Amoia, 1998). Ideas common during the time revolves also with equality of men and women as expressed by Rousseau and his followers. In literature, women are always seen as witness of a crime or victims. Hawthorne’s stories tries to remove this stereotypical female function by creating female characters that serves as men’s companions rather than their servants. There is also emphasis given on men’s fear of woman as the main theme of his writings. Such conclusions are made not through observation but by experience. One should also note that most of Hawthorne’s writings create an impact of social deviation. As he tries to include his main theme in his stories, he also tries to cover it with the disastrous result of human sins or of evil. His writings primarily describe the Puritan way of life and the culture in America most specifically in Salem, which is his home town. In reading Hawthorne’s short stories, one would come across a prevailing plot of man’s failure or loss of power. Power can then be considered as the central idea where Hawthorne’s writings revolve. Men are rendered as powerful, women are displayed as weak. Such denotations stagger with Hawthorne’s persistent referral to women’s control of life. Young Goodman Brown In the ‘Young Goodman Brown’, Hawthorne portrays a man who is innocent about evil. Thus, Goodman Brown is a character who does not know about his mistakes or sins. Faith is Goodman’s wife, which also symbolizes Goodman’s faith in general with reference to life and God. The discovery of treachery or unfaithfulness of Faith leaves Goodman with doubts and a stereotypical female figure similar to Eve. Goodman’s view of Faith as a loving, spiritual wife changes into a whore-like woman similar to most women he knows. In this regards it seems that Hawthorne tries to dissect the usual marital relationship by magnifying man’s common notion of woman. This being woman along with sex and all other things which they represent are tools or apparatus which the devil uses to fool men. It seems that this perspective thrives on men’s mind for as early and as long as the story of Adam and Eve exists. The Christian religion creates the idea and practice of sexual intercourse as something unnatural and must be done, privately between husband and wife. Thus as can be seen in the story of Goodman Brown, the belief in such dogma led him to think that sex is unnatural. Hawthorne gives the reader the view about sex as something that degrades woman for eternity making it a sin. The Minister’s Black Veil The next story which also describes man and woman marital relationship is ‘The Minister’s Black Veil’. Although the focus of the story seems to revolve around Mr. Hooper and his black veil, the reader/s cannot miss the part wherein Mr. Hooper had a talk with Elizabeth. Elizabeth is Mr. Hooper’s fiancee in the story (Stearns). She is a good woman and their relationship is good up until Mr. Hooper starts to wear the black veil. The conversation between Elizabeth and Mr. Hooper is a confrontation regarding the wearing of the veil and the reason for it. To everyone it seems that the veil symbolizes something close to a secret sin. Hawthorne makes the female character looks good or nice while male characters are displayed with evilness. In this particular story, the male character appears deviant not only to the citizens but to the church as well. The wearing of the veil seems to symbolize a secret sin indeed. Nonetheless, if one would read the story in light of the female’s role, one will see that the veil actually prevents the marriage between Mr. Hooper and Elizabeth (Stearns). In first reading one may regard Elizabeth to be inconsiderate. Mr. Hooper even begs her to stay. But upon reading the conversation again, one will see that the smiles of Mr. Hooper symbolize success or the triumph to stay away from Elizabeth. This is in line with the celibacy rule of the church. Hawthorne seems to make his reader consider the fact that celibacy is but a form a male expression of dominance over women. Everyone in the town believes that the veil that the minister wears symbolizes sin and evil. Hawthorne uses this symbolism to define the norms and the way people think in that town. The story ends with Mr. Hooper telling the people that it is fine if such veil represents sins, nonetheless his sins are covered unlike their sins which are revealed. Hatred of woman seems to be obvious in the first few paragraphs of the story. There are consistent referrals on bachelors attending the sermon. The minister needs to attend the funeral of a young lady and the wife who does not want to eat with the minister. With celibacy as a form of excluding woman to a specific male sphere, misogyny is brightly illuminated. With celibacy man has triumph to exclude woman from the power vested upon them by God. Inventions or the proliferation of such conventions still exist nowadays with the same purpose but with less effect. Hawthorne makes it explicit that the veil does create a barrier that grabs away the possibility of woman entering the Minister’s life. Hawthorne assists his readers to generate the idea that the veil generates ‘power’. When he explains how the veil functions on his sermons and how the veil makes the Minister look more authoritative, it crates the impression that a veil signifies power and/or control. The Birthmark This addictive stance of man towards power was moreover expounded on Hawthorne’s ‘The Birthmark’. In this story Hawthorne creates a man of genius, depriving from the usual religious role. Hawthorne manages to construct a character which is a ‘man of science’. Such man has dedicated all his life to the pursuit of Utopia and/or perfection that by which demonstrated through the man’s persistence to out do Mother Nature. The female figure in the story is Georgiana whom the author describes to be almost perfect. Such descriptions of perfection compose physical appearance which must be flawless and fair. This type of ‘beauty myth’ is something that exists during Hawthorne’s era up until today. This idea of beauty has successfully controlled women over the years. It defines woman’s status and possibilities in life. Another thing that is prominent in Hawthorne’s depiction of Georgiana was her submission to her husband’s wishes. The thought of her letting him do whatever he thinks to be applicable and best for her even if it means her own death. This sacrifice seems to explore the subjectivity of woman to men’s choices and women’s submission to men’s control. The story also depicts the profound way that men ‘disguise themselves’ as someone ‘not emotional’ concealing their true selves with a facade of illusions and self-deceptions. In the story, Aylmer conceal his emotional side by being a ‘man of science’ having the ‘genius’ to even try to counter nature. Although all of his experiments landed as failures, his display of objective knowledge gives him a higher authority or power over his wife. This is evident in the way by which the story ended, with his wife, Georgina submitting to his wants even at the costs of her death. The hatred of woman evident in the story as discussed by Fetterley covers man’s attempts to capture the power that both nature and woman share in common, the power to create. Such power is not available to men making him feel inferior. Fetterley also argues that the story provides insights on man’s ability to disguise ‘hatred as love, murder as idealization and failure as successes’. In this regard, I believe that Fetterley is right in her reading of the story. Man is indeed capable of masking himself with another identity apart from which he really is and what he really intends as can be seen on Aylmer’s vision of success marked by an inescapable failure, for his attempt to win over nature only led to a creation of death. Apparently, this creates an image that Aylmer is someone who would do anything to exceed nature and woman, even at the cost of death to prove his success. When Fetterley accounts that female was envisioned as ‘hideous and unnatural’ in the story, she mentioned the ‘cult of female beauty’ which create an idealization of women that makes her look ‘monstrous’ in her natural form. Women were portrayed to be hated on their natural form, just as in the story, when a birthmark represents an imperfection, a thing that may cause her to be hated and thus needs a remedy, which she will be wiling to accept even in expense of her own life. Fetterley showed that man posses such power over women that he can dictate and influence her outlook, he can even manage and control her life to his liking, making her a possession or a thing that owned by him. Deviation of Female Characters Georgiana deviates from the typical female character the most. She is someone who succumbs to the wishes of her husband as if she is a ‘lab mice’. Although she sees the blatant failures he committed in the past, she still worships his genius. At the face of death she still looks forward for his triumph. The other female character such as in the case of Elizabeth managed to leave her husband while Faith at least did not display such display of subjectivity. Elizabeth on the other hand deviates from Georgiana and Faith in the sense that she left her husband instead of standing by his side, which is the typical nature of Hawthorne’s female character. Female characters are always support characters but take the role as fire starters. It seems that they are the reason or is partially responsible for the actions made by their husbands. The male characters are displayed with an inclination towards evil. The woman are displayed innocent but it is implicitly shown that they are just doing what a good woman should do and how they should act in a society. At the least, plain reading of Hawthorne’s literature would create an image of woman as reason’s for male’s failure, an image that is common during their time. But thorough reading would guide the reader to the courage an power that woman posses and men lacks. Conclusion All in all, the writings of Hawthorne hold high respect for woman. Although it somehow discusses and depicts hatred of woman, it is quite obvious that it is not the authors purpose to promote such hatred. Instead the misogyny is elaborated to be able to present man’s cowardice and insecurity with respect to woman. It also present the different ways by which man tries to grab the power from woman by making them feel subordinates or looking down at them. Finally, Hawthorne creates female characters which display the typical female in his era. They do not argue with man as much as woman of today do however the way that men sees and/or treat woman stays the same. This might be rooted in the fact that women does not only permit men to treat them as subordinates and or objects but also encourage them. Work Cited Amoia, A. , Hawthorne’s Rome: Then and Now, Nathaniel Hawthorne Review. 1998. Fetterley, J. The Resisting Reader: A Feminist Approach to American Fiction. Indiana University Press. 1981. Stearns, F. The life and genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Wineapple, B. Hawthorne: A Life.. 2004. PagebyPageBooks. com. NAtaniel Hawthorne. Retrieved on April 18, 2008, from http://www. pagebypagebooks. com/Nathaniel_Hawthorne/

Assessment item 3 Individual Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assessment item 3 Individual Report - Essay Example largely based on the technological aspect of the business as the more advance the industry and the components are, the more competitive the business can become. So far, the business has been dominated by very few of the companies and it will not be unjust to say that out of all the companies, one company has maintained the most of the share in the market and is considered as the greatest producer of software and other concerned products. That company is the company of Microsoft which has given this business a shape of a Monopoly by dominating the revenues and the products thus controlling the prices and quality of the goods and services produced by it. Since the commencement of the technological era and the advancement in the field of computers and software generation, there has been vast interpretations and scrutiny relating to the market arrangement, pricing and strategic performance of the software development companies. Every time an innovative advancement come up and grows into a vibrant growth approach the initial participants expand enormous benefits as they become the first to add to the practice, the invested resources and the public Therefore, when challengers approach the market, they have to pull alongside prior to the fact that they can struggle to gain the same status. Microsoft can be said to be a good illustration of this fact. Microsoft developed into a monopoly for the reason that it was able to generate and put into effect worldwide data communication benchmarks for personal computers and they did it by producing series of operating systems and by presenting the type of mechanism that may well run their Operating Systems so their merchandise was able to be in each market place that they wanted it to be, thus making it a monopoly in the software business. (Linzmayer 1994) The software business makes Microsoft as a monopoly because of its character of having the advancements in the technology and the economies of scale which do not render

Culture and Communication Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Culture and Communication Research Paper - Essay Example Christianity is one of many religions which thrive in that country. The people are spiritually minded. Hinduism is the religion of the majority with 82% of Indians being Hindus. 12.1% of Indians are Muslims. Those officially following Christianity form a meager 2.3% (Census of India, 2001). For a follower of Jesus (which is what we mean from now on as 'Christian') it is a command and an obligation to share the gospel with others who do not know. According to Mark chapter 16 and verse 15, Jesus has commanded us to 'go into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature'. Yet in a country like India which is deeply entrenched in spirituality there are tremendous challenges to the credibility of the gospel message. We will look at the communication of this message primarily among the Hindus in India The popular perception in India is that Christianity was brought into the country by foreign missionaries who came along with the British East India Company in the early 1700s. The British eventually captured and ruled the country till the mid 1900s. As Wikipedia the online encyclopedia states about that time: "Imbued with an ethnocentric sense of superiority, often known as the White Man's Burden, British intellectuals, including Christian missionaries, sought to bring Western intellectual and technological innovations to Indians, ignoring the fact that the Indian Christian tradition went back to the very beginnings of first century Christian thought" (Wikipedia contributors) Hence although untrue, there is a sense that Christianity is a foreign religion. The fact that the West is predominantly Christian contributes to this perception. Money from the West that has traditionally come in for evangelistic and missionary campaigns also fuels the perception that the financial base of Christianity in India is abroad. As Astrid Lobo Gajiwala an Indian Christian activist writes, ".They just don't see Christians as Indians; they see us as an alien 'other', minions of a white, Christian world that is synonymous with spiritual and racial chauvinism (1998)." Language and attire incompatibility. It cannot be denied that western influence has permanently crept into Indian Christianity. Christian worship is conducted in many languages but English is predominant among them. The exceptions to this are the Tamil, Malayalam and Latin languages which may be more popular in the respective states (Latin is used in Orthodox churches). English has never been in the scheme of things for Hindu worship or religious literature until recently. Christian communities especially Roman Catholics and Goans have predominantly English names and western attire. The communication at home among these communities is predominantly in English. Songs and music Music used for Christian worship has its influence in the West. The songs sung in church are either hymns composed by English or American songwriters in English or contemporary songs again composed in the West in English. Churches depicted in Hindi movies usually have a church organ playing in the background. Local worship songs have begun to gain in popularity but this is a recent though

Environmental studies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental studies - Assignment Example There is no interference from the government. In the same manner, the environment has a self-control mechanism and can control itself without interference from mankind. Bio-economic modelling seeks to find solutions to environmental problems with this in light. 2. Explain why the Threshold Value Analysis might facilitate rent-seeking behaviour. (LECTURE 11) Threshold Value Analysis might facilitate rent-seeking behaviour because the decision rule for Threshold Value Analysis is that the model should be developed if the benefits exceed the decision-makers analysis of the costs. The decision-maker may be biased in analysing the costs hence leading to rent-seeking behaviour. 3. Contrast the TVA to environmental decision making with the application of a safe minimum standard approach. (LECTURE 11) The decision rule for Threshold Value Analysis is that the model should be developed if the benefits exceed the decision-makers analysis of the costs i.e. if the benefits are above the threshol d. Safe minimum approach standard is used when the benefits are below the threshold. A second threshold is developed below the initial threshold. 4. What is the difference between risk and uncertainty? How does the difference affect the way you would analyse issues of environmental management? (Lecture 12) In risk, one knows the possible outcomes and their corresponding probabilities. Such probabilities are known either from experience or carrying out experiments. In uncertainty, the likely outcomes are known, but their probabilities of occurrence are not known. In analysing issues of environmental management using decision trees, payoff tables or conditional value tables, the probabilities are needed (risk). In case of uncertainty, one has to come up with best guess probabilities. Part B (about 300 words each question) 1. Markets provide a useful source of information regarding people’s preferences. Explain how you would use market data to estimate the costs of protecting a forest from logging. Market data is very essential in estimating the cost of protecting forests. Market data like the economic uses of the forest, the value of products that are produced from the forest resources and the general value of the forest to the community and country at large should be considered. In estimating the cost of protecting a forest from logging, I would first determine all the market data that would be relevant to the particular tree. This includes the cost of using wood to make furniture and as a source of fuel, the cost of paper, the cost of pulp and any other resources that are found in forests. After determining all these costs, the benefits should also be analysed. Benefits like better weather, increased animal life and protection of endangered species should be quantified. These benefits and costs should then be compared using the Threshold Value Approach. A threshold value of benefits should be set e.g. a value of benefits that equals the total cost of be nefits. If the benefits exceed the threshold value, the forest should be protected from logging. If, however, the value of benefits is below the threshold value, another measure should be taken other than banning logging. For example, environmental managers can consider controlling logging. Other methods of economic decision making can also be used. The cost benefit analysis will include comparing the costs associated with the

Mess at the stadium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mess at the stadium - Essay Example In this case, it can be noted that James and Christopher triggered the pandemonium that broke at the stadium when they blew their vuvuzelas after their team, the Riders had scored. Hundreds of supporters were killed and others injured while Christopher and James were among those who lost their lives. The grandmother, mother and father of the boys subsequently suffered from nervous shock (psychiatric injury). Against this background, this essay seeks to describe while giving reasons the approach that can be taken by a High Court judge towards claims of nervous shock by the affected people in view of the cases that are going to be analysed below. In view of this case of Dulieu v White [1901] 2 KB 669 which involved a pregnant barmaid who suffered severe shock after the defendant’s servant drove negligently into the public house, it can be noted that the High Court upheld her claim. The case involving the grandmother, mother and father of the boys may as well be upheld in as far as claims for nervous shock are concerned. In this case, the defendants are the police officers who had a duty to safeguard the interests of the soccer fans who were packed in the stadium. The subsequent pandemonium that killed hundreds of people while injuring others was not a result of their negligent behaviour. In actual fact, the horses were frightened by the noise of vuvuzelas that were blown by James and Christopher. It can be noted that these two boys are the ones who triggered the situation that resulted in loss of life of innocent people including themselves. Indeed, the defendant has a duty not to frighten the plaintiff by his negligence whereby it can be noted that the blame does not lie in the police but in the boys’ action that frightened the horses. If it was not because of their action, this disaster could not have happened. It the case of Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police [1992] 1 AC 310 concerned a FA Cup semi-final match at Hillsborough Stad ium, between Nottingham Forest and Liverpool in April 1989, at which 96 people were killed and over 400 physically injured in a crush caused by negligent crowd control by the police. To a certain extent, it can be said that the conduct by the police in controlling the crowd in the case involving James and Christopher was negligent given that there is wild cheering when another team scores especially with regards to big matches and the police should always be watchful for such incidences. In the first place, they allowed the boys to get into the stadium with vuvuzelas which meant that they could be blown. The failure to control their horses amounts to negligent behaviour since people watching matches are over excited at times. Thus, only parents and spouses might claim for nervous shock and the claimants in this case can show a â€Å"sufficiently proximate† relationship to the person killed or injured as can be noted from their closeness with the deceased. McFarlane v EE Caled onia Ltd [1994] 2 All ER 1 involves a plaintiff who has witnessed colleagues dying in agony following an oil rig explosion. However, the court of appeal applied the rule by the House of Lords in Alcock where the claim failed because the claimant was not a rescuer. In the same vein, the claims involving the mother and the grandmother may fail to materialise given that they just watched the situation unfolding on television and they are not part of the rescue team. Somebody who physically experiences the action directly stands better chances of winning the claim since he will be part of the horrific events than someone merely watching from a distance. The mother and the grandmother are not even closer to the scene since they are just watching the events on television while at home. As far as the above case is concerned, the claim by these two may not materialise since they are not directly involved especially in rescuing the affected people who have been injured in the stampede that e nsued after the police horses have been frightened by the noise of the vuvuzelas and ran amok causing

Project Procurement Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project Procurement Management - Essay Example A signed Charter authorizes the Project Team to begin work on the project. Project Schedule gives planned dates for starting and completing activities and milestones. Project schedule could be an addendum to the project charter or be part of the charter document itself to provide a high-level timeline of the project to the management and the stakeholders. The Project charter should contain rough estimates for the management to budget for the project or choose to approve this project over other projects that are in contention for the funding. This could also be included in the charter document itself or be a separate supporting document as an enclosure. Expense item Costs$ Capital costs Hardware $25,000.00 Software $106,000.00 Infrastructure $83,000.00 Installation $12,000.00 Professional Services - implementation and training $200,000.00 Others $53,000.00 Total Capital Costs $479,000.00 First Year Operating Costs Salaries $300,000.00 Computer Operational costs $85,000.00 Contracted Services $200,000.00 Professional services $150,000.00 Others $75,000.00 Total first year operational costs $810,000.00 Total budget cost estimate $1,289,000.00 References: 1. Project Charter defined Authority Documentation Comparing Prince2 with PMBOK http://www.maxwideman.com/papers/comparing/authority.htm 2. What should a project charter contain A Project Charter template http://www.vita.virginia.gov/projects/

Knowledge management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Knowledge management - Assignment Example Companies which have been able to enjoy the competitive advantage have been as a result of effective implementation of knowledge management within its workforce. Knowledge management has been effective to the companies in increasing their performances since it comes with a number of benefits to the company which makes it more efficient for the companies. Knowledge management encompasses many strategies which are used in identifying, creating, representing and enabling the employees to better understand their roles. This research paper will focus on how DHL international has used knowledge management in improving its services as well as the challenges it met during its implementation. DHL DHL is a logistical and communication company offering services all across the globe. The company provides its customers with easy to use services and products which are of innovative and provide solutions ranging from dialogue marketing to supply of industrial materials in the supply chain. DHL Comp any services include Shipping, Tracking, Export services, Import services, Domestic services as well as providing small business solutions and industry solutions. The company operates in more than 200 countries around the world among them being USA, Germany, England, and Kenya among other countries. In efforts to ensure that the company renders its services effectively to the clients, the company has employed different professionals which have been efficient in putting the company at the competitive advantage every year in. The company has a workforce of over 470, 000 employees worldwide which makes it one of the largest top employing companies in the world. The company also manages over one million customers per hour of those who seeks its operations (DHL, 2012). Since the inception of the company in 1969, the company has been steadily increasing in its performances over the years as a result of its innovations in the workforce. Even with the upswing and global economic turmoil, DH L increased its revenues in the first half of the 2011 which was also witnessed in the second quarter. As a global logistical company, the company has been benefiting through increasing its trade volumes with increasing revenues each year among its divisions. The improved profitability of the Company has been achieved through the companies restructuring measures which were implemented in the previous years. Additionally, the companies consolidated revenues increased by 3.5% on the second half the year 2011 to stand at more than 25, 681 Euros. The company has outreach programs through Corporate Social Responsibility program which ensures it maintains its relationship with the customers who are part of the society as well as introducing new products to them (DHL, 2012). Challenges in Implementing Knowledge Management Implementing knowledge managements has been a challenge to many organizations as a result of many reasons. It demands a lot which organizations are not just willing to of fer immediately though they are willing to enjoy the benefits of its implementation. DHL is one of the companies which have been successful as a result of its implementation though it faced a lot of challenges for it to be finally incorporated in the organization. The challenges which were met by DHL are discussed below. One of the challenges that the organization experienced was developing the culture in the organizati

Analysis Research Paper On Food Trade Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Analysis On Food Trade - Research Paper Example Global food trade is increasing because of advancements in infrastructure, transportation, consumer demands and marketing networks. Consequentially, trade is expanding with the increases in global population as well as per capital. This has led to globalization of food production, agriculture corporatization and agriculture industrialization. Thesis statement The objective of this thesis is to analyze US food exports and imports. The issue of food export and import in US food system has been addressed with emphasis on agricultural trade as well as food production. In the United States, food import has increased as opposed to export, which is partly associated with the elevated global food trade. Americans’ high demand for imported foods has led to US reliance on other countries such as China as the principal supplier of food stuffs. If the current trend in food trade in the United States subsists, economists argue that the US economy is likely to be weakened because of high de bts accruing from numerous spending on food import. This paper also analyzes and identifies the global impacts of agriculture industrialization, corporatization as well as globalization of food production. The approach in food production results to benefits as well as adverse outcomes both to the consumer and producer. Although agriculture industrialization, corporatization and globalization of food production generate productivity and economic benefits, they are associated with several detrimental effects on social, ecological as well as economic realms. Furthermore, historical and modern perspectives of economics are analyzed in this paper as they relate to resource utilization and sustainability. Although economists’ perceptions on sustainable agriculture vary, they are usually founded on the principle of profitability and humans’ capacity to find alternative resources as well as solutions to their problems. Several individuals have analyzed economics perspectives o f sustainability with minimal interest on variations between historical and modern economics perspectives. Methodology In this research, an analytical approach was adopted based on information or data provided in various secondary sources. The data concerning food trade was analyzed to assess the composition as well as trend of both imports and exports. The reports in food trade database were accessed and evaluated to identify the consumption behaviors of Americans. Information on various websites such as those owned by food trade regulation bodies provided substantial data for the analysis research on food trade. Research findings contained in various sciences journal articles and books provided a substantial account for global effects of agriculture industrialization, corporatization as well as globalization of food production. They also provided information on historical and modern economist’s perspectives on sustainability, which are analyzed herein. Discussion Global imp acts of agriculture industrialization, corporatization and globalization of food production Globalization of food production Globalization of food production has been in existence for centuries. It is characterized by the exchange of resources and food stuffs between countries in different regions. The development was brought about by standardization of techniques used in food production, technology advancement, improvements in transport systems, and reduction of trade

Public and Private Sectors Essay Example for Free

Public and Private Sectors Essay * Public sector has an influence in tourism business. It is essential to outline the main policy instruments used by governments in order to manage tourism. * Public bodies influence tourism sector either directly, through organization with responsibility for tourism, which include: establishment of infrastructure, information services and creation of tourist attractions and facilities. Or, indirectly, through foreign policies and legal controls, the commercial sector of tourism industry can operate successfully, co-ordinating, promotional and regulatory role in tourism provision, and conservation of the physical and socio-cultural resources that attract tourists to destination. * Governments use demand and revenue management in order to influence demand in the industry by: marketing and promotion, information provision and network development, pricing, controlling access to the destination, safety and security. Supply and cost management are operated by environmental control, building regulations, market regulations, market research and planning, taxation, ownership, education and training and investment incentives. * Private Sector Improve the overall quality of products and services within the tourism industry (all tourism-related accommodation, restaurants, tour guides, tour operators, and other tourism-related service providers); raise the levels of demand nationally, regionally and internationally; promote competiveness within the industry; and, provide valuable and reliable information on quality standards for the tourist and the travel industry. * Provide intensive training to local communities/ private sector in various aspects of development and management of tourism businesses, and hospitality skills to provide them with better opportunities to seek employment in the tourism sector. * Comprehensive general and area-specific development guidelines for tourism zones with specific urban designing, land use planning and infrastructure planning.

Positive Effects Of Homeschooling

Positive Effects Of Homeschooling This report endeavour to provide a compelling information of the positive effects of homeschooling towards a homeschooled kids lives. Modern homeschooling holds the key of an effective method of learning and attaining new knowledge which can be applied in a homeschooled individual future life. Based on the issue of homeschooling, the opposition protest on the practice of homeschooling because of the concern that homeschooled kids are unable to adapt in real life without parents in the near future. However, modern homeschooling that most of the countries have know are implementing a way whereby the kids will be prepared to face reality and have more positive effects rather than negative impacts on homeschooled kids. Therefore, the practice of homeschooling is exceptionally recommended in todays society and this report will also show evidence to clear out the issue of negative effects in homeschooling raised by some individuals in the society. These days, education has been a crucial priority in a family life. It is important as it ensures a comfortable life and a successful future in an individuals lives. Nowadays, society tends to explore possible ways for a more effective technique or methods to educate their children rather than using the traditional way of sending them to normal school and the high school. Parents now believe that sending their children to private school or colleges will have a better impact to their children in the aspect of education. There also parents who homeschooled their children so they are able to monitor their children education by themselves rather than relying on lecturers. However, in the beginning of the introduction of homeschooling, there people who actually disagree and criticize the method of giving education to children at home. Some government also band homeschooling as they fear of development of religious and social extremist. Some people also pointed out that homeschooled kids lacks in social skills that are eventually needed to face real life especially in university life. As times go on, homeschooling are slowly accepted by some governments and has been legalised and became an incentive for parents to educate their children. with 1.7 2.1 million K-12 students home educated during the 2002-2003 institutional school year, home based education is now arguably the fastest-growing form of education, compared to public and private institutional schooling (Ray cited by Jones P. And Gloeckner G., 2004). This proves that homeschooled based education has been practiced by families and are increasing in number. Even though there are certain government who actually legalised the practice of homeschooling such as in America, Denmark and France, there are people who voiced out their opinions and told to stop the practice of homeschooling. This has lead to the question does homeschooling have more positive than negative effects on homeschooled kids? As researches are made thoroughly in this issue, it can be concluded that homeschooling have a variety of positive effects that outweigh its negative effects because homeschooling tends to be better in socializing, became more independent and procure a stronger bond with their family members. This report will show compelling evidence of the reasons that homeschooling have a better outcome in the kids. The research is restricted to countries which homeschooled has been legalised in order to procure a better understanding on its effects on the kids. HOMESCHOOLING KIDS BETTER IN SOCIALIZING Concerns have been rising among the opposition of homeschooling on whether homeschooled kids are able to learn and practice the art of socializing. They believe that homeschooled kids are unable to cope with the advanced socializing skills as they proceed into the real world out of home and into colleges and universities. They have argued that homeschooled kids spend too much time at home with their parents rather than outside. They noted that homeschooled kids spent less time on outdoor activities especially with their peers which are believed to be an important part in developing social skills in an individual life. However this is not true and unproven at all. The opposition thinks to narrowly as they are more focused in the word home in homeschooling and concluded that they spent times at home. The kids are homeschooled but they are not home activist? Homeschooled kids just learn at home but they still spent a lot of their time doing leisure activities outside of home. They are also better in social skills than their traditional peers Homeschooling provides an excellent opportunity to approach socialization from this perspective, because it removes a huge level of daily, value-based-on-externals, chameleon-creating, soul-crushing peer pressure from our childrens lives'(Molewyk, 2010).It shows that homeschooling teaches a different way of learning to socialize which are far better than how learning to socialize is applied in public or private school which has been stressing kids. Nowadays, the community who actually supports the idea of homeschooling have established homeschooling groups and as sociation which functions to host activities for homeschooled kids. A lot of activities have been hosted by these groups to ensure homeschooled kids are balanced in their studies and social activities. For an example they arranged sports clubs such as soccer, basketball and others for homeschooled kids and also hosted games between clubs from different region where kids can mingle around with new friends. This has helped a lot in developing useful social skills in the kids. Furthermore, homeschooling group activities involve a variety of people coming from different places, religion and very importantly from different ages. This exposure to a wide variety of community significantly increases the capability of homeschooled kids to interact and enhances their social skills to a higher level. Basically, homeschooled kids learns more from interaction with people who are older than them and helps develop their maturity rather than their traditional peers who are schooled in public school who interact mostly with friends of the same age and hardly learns new things from them. Moreover, homeschooled kids learn to interact with grownups simply by having interaction within the family. Family members often dont have the personalities youd seek out in friends. Learning to get along with such vastly different personality types in a healthy waylearning how to get real with them, saying what you mean, and setting healthy boundariesis excellent training for dealing wi th different personality types (Molewyk, 2010). This encourages them to be more confident in speaking with people are more matured and teaches them the ways to approach people who have different and a diversity of personality in the society. The evidence stated has proven that homeschooling children gives an exceptional unique technique of socializing that are required to face real modern life and people that are existing now. It also guarantees a better life of the kids in the near future and teaches them to overcome reality itself. HOMESCHOOLED KIDS ARE MORE INDEPENDENT The opposition has gone so far as to speak of homeschooled kids lacks on the ability to be an independent individual. They stated that homeschooled kids relied too much on their parents instead to give an effort to do things on their own. To be an individual that knows how to live independently is important because parents are not always there when they are needed especially when an individual is going to the university where they need to rely on friends and self-learning. They also pointed out that a homeschooled kid does not have the capability to perform or learn new things without depending on others because they were always spoon fed by their parents during their homeschooling days. Moreover, most of the problems being faced by homeschooled kids are settled by parents which causes those kids to have less experience in dealing problems by themselves. As a consequence, homeschooled kids are unable to handle problems and predicament situation in universities life due to the longing independence towards parents that has been implied through homeschooling before. Indeed it is plausible to argue that homeschooled kids lacks in independent skills, Yet other evidence suggest that homeschooled kids are actually more independent than their traditional peers. Homeschooled kids are said to be more independent because they are more exposed to a wide variety of people in the society regardless of age, races and religion as compared to their traditional peers where they are learning things only among themselves and does not have much difference in the way of thinking and handling problems. Their thoughts and ideas are limited whereby homeschooled kids who mingled with a diverse society where there is a diverse thought and ideas. Homeschoolers acquire other homeschoolers unique experiences and are able to implement it into their independent lives in the future especially in college and university life. These variations helped homeschooled kids to feel more secured in dealing with unusual experiences. Besides that, homeschooled kids learn to be independe nt through their parents. Naturally, children look up their parents in building up their style and etiquette. Homeschooled kids are able to familiarize with independent life by observing their parents carrying out their daily responsibilities in the family. In addition, supporters of homeschooling asserts homeschooled kids are more independent than their traditional peers in the way they learn and acquire knowledge by themselves without depending much on others. In a homeschooling environment, kids are taught by parents only in certain aspects of the syllabus while additional information are procured by the kids themselves through other sources such as internet and researches. This is called independent learning. Unlike their traditional peers who mainly relying on what teachers or lecturers are giving and have a narrow understanding on the subject, homeschooled kids gain a better understanding through research and observation they have made. The knowledge achieved in this way are more appreciated as it comes from an individual willing and hard work. Furthermore, homeschooled kids are better in applying the knowledge in their real life rather than students who went to schools, mostly learn knowledge just for the sake of examination and forget what they have learned easily after the examinations have ended. This portrays that homeschooled kids are more productive because of the independent learning instigated in homeschooling as they are able to use knowledge in a sense of deep understandings and applications in their daily lives. Hence, it is proven that homeschooling has helped a lot in the kids future lives, as it prepares them to overcome problems by themselves as it teaches them how to be independent and helped them to apply knowledge holistically in their imminent and challenging future. HOMESCHOOLED KIDS PROCURE A STRONGER BOND WITH FAMILY In an article wrote by Ko, (1997), she had expressed her concern on sending her children to an institutional school which is the Waldorf school and seeing children being exposed to negatives influences there. She also believed rather than sending her children to an institutional school, it is better to homeschooled them where she is able to observe them, hinder them from negative influences and most importantly being able to enjoy her time with them. From the experiences shared by Mrs. Ko, it can be claimed that homeschooling enable kids to procure a stronger bond with their families. Parents are responsible in developing their childrens behaviours. Parents have the authority to control their children activities and outside exposure. Homeschooling are able to restore a critical social function that has been lost in families who send their children in an institutional school which is education to children from family. Homeschooled kids are protected from being affected by unwanted behaviour which is happening frequently in institutional schools. Parents education to children is crucial as it impose the responsibility of the parents in moulding their children for a better future. In homeschooling, parents decide on the children learning materials, curriculum activities and with whom they are interacting with. Parents and children can spend more time together and share their daily experiences which creates a unique bonds between them. Homeschooled kids understand more about their parents and enhanced the trust between them. They learn how to achieve a common goal tog ether through home-based learning and improve communication and love between them. Furthermore, homeschooled kids spend more times with their siblings at home. It develops a close ties between them. Homeschooled kids learns with their brothers or sisters and care for younger siblings at home. They are also able to model their older siblings who are homeschooled too. Sharing of daily experiences improved their communication skills with a wide range of ages and increases understandings among them. Thus, kids who are homeschooled gain one of the most crucial aspects of life which is love and bonds between family members. By having this unique bond through homeschooling it creates a peaceful and harmonious living in the family institution. RECOMMENDATION Homeschooling groups should expose more about the practice of homeschooling to the society in an expo. There, they should consider showing the steps needed to be taken to establish a well-organized homeschooling of the kids to parents. Moreover, they need to introduce some preferable schedules to give parents a starting point of giving their children a home-based education. The parents need to be taught on how to have a balanced life of working and educating their children to prevent any unnecessary conflicts between parents and their children such as lack of attention. These kind of support will surely encourage more member of the society to apply the concept of homeschooling in their lives. Furthermore, problems that has been argued by the opposition that homeschooled kids are unable to face reality of life in the future can be overcome by careful planning in homeschooled families and increasing the number of social activities done outside of home with other homeschooled kids around the world. This will significantly reduces the chance of a homeschooled kid being drop behind. CONCLUSION It is proven that homeschooling have a variety of positive effects on homeschooled kid even with the negative impacts that has been stated by the opposition of the issue. Homeschooling enable kids to procure a better technique in socializing and trained them to be independent and live independently. Most importantly homeschooled kids are able to appreciate family member more and thus procure a stronger bond with them. As a conclusion the practice of homeschooling will be a popular way of educating children in the future due to the benefits that it offers to the society.

Descriptive Essay - A Mountain Resort :: Descriptive Essay, Descriptive Writing

Mountain Resort For those who like winter sports like skiing and snowboarding, we have just the perfect place- the remote yet very popular mountain resort called Balea Lake. It is situated at an altitude of 2,034m, being the highest mountain resort of Romania. The cliffs are covered with snow from November till late July, sometimes still persisting till the new one arrives. First, you have to reach Balea Waterfall, and only afterwards try to get to the lake. Late spring is the best time to come- you take the main road and you’re disappointed cause you see no sign of snow and you think you have come such a long way for nothing. But you keep driving, hoping to find that wonderful place where you can ski or snowboard in T-shirt only, without worrying you’ll catch another cold and hoping to meet some of the friends you haven’t seen for the past month or more. The road makes a big turn and suddenly you see what you’ve been waiting for: the big mountains are still covered with snow. So everyone is happy and anxious to finally arrive up there. The area is fantastic for the best skiers and boarders and it offers excellent routes for f reeride. The resort has only two chalets, each one situated on one side of the lake. There are many tow-days contests taking place here. The participants are from many different countries and they come here to have fun and do what they like and know best: extreme ski and snowboard. Snowboard is relatively a new extreme sport in Romania, but there already are many kids who practice it. Parties where everyone is having a good time and creating a friendly atmosphere, one would say specific to this place follow the contests. The party lasts till late in the night, when a peaceful silence covers the mountains. But the calm doesn’t last too long. Tired, but woken by the lukewarm rays of sun, the riders begin the new day with some tricks and jumps on the quarterpipe

A Life of Usefulness and Reputation :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

A Life of Usefulness and Reputation    The moral responsibility of training individuals for a life of usefulness and reputation rests within the university. However, it is difficult to define what this type of life entails. College education, therefore, is not about supplying students with specific moral obligations to be completed over the course of their lives; instead, universities teach their students to be proactive, to question everything, and to never be afraid to make mistakes. I am confident that my education at Brown, both in and out of the classroom, as well as my interests and concerns reflects my acquisition of these moral obligations.    When I entered Brown University as a freshman, I was completely intimidated by my fellow classmates. I was afraid to ask questions in class for fear of sounding unintelligent. I seldom attended my professors' office hours. Paranoid, I spent hours in the libraries trying to memorize all of my material without fully understanding it. At the end of first semester, I returned home feeling unfulfilled academically and socially. Was this what the next four years of my life would be like?    Over winter break, I came to realize that I had been looking at my educational experience completely backwards. In this way, Brown University is a scary place because you can miss the point completely; there is no one looking out for you, holding your hand to tell you to make the right decisions. This is why college is the obvious environment to teach students how to acquire reputable and useful lives. This type of life is not just thrown at you, as it might be in high school. It is the student's job to create a place for himself where he will be academically and socially fulfilled. This is what I learned from my first semester and this is the environment I have tried to create for myself ever since.    Both inside and outside class, I learned to be proactive, to question everything, and never to be satisfied with imperfection. I learned that my classmates were not evil rivals, but fellow comrades with the same educational goals as my own. I found them to be invaluable sources of help and guidance in my education. Although extremely different, each Brown student is incredibly passionate about whatever they love to do. I still like nothing better than to sit in a room with a few friends and discuss ideas and concepts that were presented in class.

Henry Clay :: essays research papers

Clay was born on April 12, 1777, in Hanover County, Virginia. He was born to John Clay, a minister. His mother Elizabeth Hudson was After studying for the bar with the eminent George Wythe, Clay, at the age of 20, moved to Lexington, Kentucky, where he developed a thriving practice. He was blessed with a quick mind, a flair for oratory, and an ability to charm both sexes with his easy, attractive manner. That he loved to drink and gamble was no drawback in an age that admired both vices. Clay, ambitious for worldly success, married into a wealthy and socially prominent family and soon gained entry into Kentucky's most influential circles. While still in his 20s, he was elected to the state legislature, in which he served for six years, until 1809. Clay established his great reputation in the United States House of Representatives, where he served intermittently from 1811 to 1825. In his first term, he became one of the leading "War Hawks"—the young men whose clamor for hostilities with England helped bring about the War of 1812. Clay was selected as one of the commissioners who in 1814 negotiated the Treaty of Ghent, ending that war. In 1820-21 it was Clay above all who engineered the Missouri Compromise, quieting the harsh controversy that had erupted by maintaining an equal balance between free and slave states. Although he himself was a slave owner, Clay's views on slavery—as on most other issues—were moderate. He was thus able to command the support of men fearful of extremism.In the presidential election of 1824, after his own candidacy had failed, Clay threw his support to John Quincy Adams, whom the House early in 1825 elected as the sixth president. When Adams named Clay secretary of state, his Jacksonian opponents charged "corrupt bargain!" The charge was unfair, but Clay was haunted by it throughout his subsequent career. Although Clay was a practical politician of flexible rather than rigid beliefs, he did emerge as the great champion of the "American System." He called for a protective tariff in support of home manufactures, internal improvements (federal aid to local road and canal projects), a strong national bank, and distribution of the proceeds of federal land sales to the states.Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1831, Clay served in that body until 1842 and again from 1849 until his death. In 1833 he devised a compromise tariff that resolved the crisis brought on by South Carolina's attempt to "nullify" the prevailing tariff set by Congress.

Leader and Manager Essay

Q, Explain how someone can be a manager but not a leader, a leader but not a manager, and both a manager and a leader? Answer: The discussion between management and leadership has been considerable for a number of years. Differentiation between leadership and management is important. There is difference between manager and leader but both are important. Manger has to manage which means to accomplish and to bring about, to conduct and to feel the responsibility. On the other hand, Leader leads by guiding, and influencing in a course, direction, opinion, and action. The distinction between them is crucial (Warren Bennis 2000). In the light of this explanation we shall discuss how someone can become manager but not a leader, a leader but not a manger and both a manager and a leader? Manager but not a Leader: The term of manager is not the same for leader since the two terms are not the same. A manager must ensure the appropriate delivery of human resources and funding to meet the routine daily productivity objectives. The manager is known as detailed oriented. Mangers don not see the overall picture and are less interested regarding the long-term corporate goals and mission. They are worried about details; as a result, they do not make them a good leader. Some managers may have certain leadership qualities but they remain too focused on their daily operations and are unable to provide direction and vision to the organization. A manager plans, organizes, leads, and controls whereas a leader influence others through communication, motivation, discipline, direction and dynamics (William A. Howatt, 2008). This explanation clears that someone can be a manager but not a leader. Leader but not a Manager: People who direct, guide and coordinate a group towards an objective and a goal are known as leaders. A leader motivates subordinates to achieve the goals set by the company. Leader shows the ways and lead the ways by example and exhibit an evident commitment to set goals, motivates subordinates for achievements. Leadership qualities are inbuilt qualities and these are further developed though education and experience with certain qualities such as beliefs, values, skills, ethics and knowledge (Snell, 2008). On the other hand, the manager directs predetermined projects and goals. Managers are also involved in the hiring, scheduling and training of the employees to complete the work with efficiency and cost effectiveness. A leader is not involved in such activities; therefore, a person can be a leader but not a manager. Both a Manager and a Leader:

Consequences Of Oil Spill Disasters Environmental Sciences Essay

On March 24, 1984 the oil oiler Exxon Valdez entered Prince William Sound which is on the manner towards California. Due to the conditions and unnatural sea conditions, the ship ran aground and began sloping oil. Within a fraction of second an environmental incubus began that changed non merely the Prince William Sound but the universe. Within a short period of clip a sum of 11,000,000 gallons of Alaska North Scope petroleum oil leaked into environment from the ruptured hull of the ship. Within a month the petroleum oil had been driven along a way stretching about 750km to the sou'-west. The killing procedure took 3 old ages and the cost was over 2.1billion ( usd ) . The decease toll in footings of wildlife in the sea was reeling and the full impact may ne'er be known. The Exxon Mobil Corporation or Exxon Mobil, is an American transnational oil and gas corporation. Exxon Mobil is one of the largest publically traded companies in the worldhaving been high ranked. Over the last 125 old ages Exxon mobil has evolved from a regional seller of kerosine in the United States to the largest publically traded crude oil and petrochemical endeavor in the universe. Today Exxon Mobil is best known by their familiar trade names and names such as Exxon, Esso and Mobil. They are doing merchandise that drive modern transit, power metropoliss, lubricate industry and provides petrochemical edifice blocks that lead to thousand of consumer goods. Vision – Progress in energy efficiency across planetary refinement and chemical operations by 10 % between the twelvemonth 2002 and 2012. The refinement and chemical concerns are in charge for make their vision to come alive. Under the counsel of the presidents of refinement and chemical, site operations direction implements facility-level energy strength betterments. Exxon mobil ‘s Corporate safety, security, wellness, and environment Department collects informations sing the advancement from the concern and make presentation one-year footing to the Management Committee and the Public Issues and Contributions Committee of the board reappraisal and treatments. As one of the universe ‘s largest publically traded integrated energy company, Exxon Mobil ‘s premier duty is to place, develop, and safely present dependable supplies which in energy signifier to people around the universe while supplying a return for their stockholders. To accomplish their purposes and vision, Exxon has its ain aims. Economic development Exxon looks frontward to make a long term economic and societal benefits from their undertaking and presence. To keep smooth gross flows Exxon Mobil employ a assortment of incentive plans and economic support which aid cut down barriers for development. This besides guarantee to better local substructure, create occupations, enhance instruction and drive economic activity faster. Safety, wellness and the workplace Exxon mobil give more precedence to protects the safety of their employees, contractors, clients and the populace. They ever try to keep their nucleus value which is safety, security and wellness. They besides encourage employee development and a positive ambiance. Environmental public presentation While stressing safety, wellness and workplace, Exxon mobil besides conveying along their concern in mode protects the environment. They integrate ecological considerations during the development of a undertaking.Oil refinery industrial procedure and operationCrude oil is the get downing point of doing crude oil fuels, lubricators, medical equipment, electronics and so many things. These rough oil is taken from under the land or deep ocean. The rough oil comes from deep resistance where the remains of the workss and animate beings from 1000000s of old ages ago have been heated and pressured over clip. By and large the petroleum oil is blackish in coloring material. There are many types of petroleum oil.The refinement procedureOnce the petroleum oil has been discovered, it drilled and brought to the Earth ‘s surface. Than it transported to a refinery by grapevine or ship. At the refinery, it is converted into consumer and industrial merchandises. There are 3 major refinery proce dure behavior by Exxon mobil to alter rough oil into finished merchandises.SeparationIs the first measure to divide the petroleum oil into its of course happening constituents. The procedure call distillment where using heat is carried out to carry through the separation procedure. Separation performed in a series of distillment towers, with the bottom merchandise from each tower feeding the following. The hottest point of the distillment tower can make every bit much as 400 degree Celsius. Merchandises from the distillment tower scope from gases at the top to really heavy, syrupy liquids at the underside. In all instances, these merchandise watercourses are still considered unfinished and necessitate farther processing to go utile merchandises.DISTILLATION PROCESSConversionDistillation seperates the petroleum oil into unfinished merchandises. However the merchandises non of course exist in petroleum. In this phase, there is excessively small gasoline and excessively much of heavy oil left. So the transition procedure carried out to change over low valued heavy oil into high value gasoline. The transition procedure is so much of import in the oil refinery procedure. All merchandise in the refinery procedure stands in same edifice blocks which is C and hydrocarbon ironss. The longer the concatenation the heavier the merchandise will be. The procedure of change overing the heavier hydrocarbons into lighter hydrocarbons is the nucleus intent of the transition procedure.PurificationOnce the petroleum oil has through the procedure separation and transition, the resulting merchandises is ready for purification procedure. This procedure is fundamentally sulphur remotion procedure. This procedure is done by hy drotreating procedure, where convert heavy molecules into lighter 1s. Finally the modern refinery and petrochemical engineering can transform the petroleum oil into literally 1000s of usage full merchandises.Hazard that lead to oil spill catastrophe and pollutionThe tragic accident which happened in Alaska ‘s Prince William Sound is profoundly regretted by the company. The major hazard encountered by Exxon Valdez was go throughing through icebergs. The captain has ordered his 3rd mate to turn around the iceberg and handed him the wheels. He than replaced by another adult male. So the message was non sent to him. Miscommunication seems to play a major portion for this oil spill. The captain failed to supply a proper direction and orders to his 3rd mate due to damage of intoxicant. The direction besides plays a portion in making hazard which lead to the catastrophe. They failed to supply plenty work force for the captain. The U.S seashore guard besides failed to supply sufficien t information on vas traffic system. There besides much hazard may do oil spill but non the Valdez spill. Natural ooze besides can do oil spill. When the tectonic home bases shift place there are some oil escape from the militias trapped deep under the ocean. Natural ooze is besides addition due to human activity such as boring. The method choose to make full the well besides one of the hazard which lead to the spill. For illustration BP besides chose to lade the well with saltwater, instead than weighty boring clay. This procedure than go forthing the well vulnerable to an rush of oil and gas. A status that is non allowed for exploratory Wellss drilled in other topographic points, experts said. The company besides chose non to utilize automatic stoppers, devices put inside the pipe that besides can blockade oil and gas which lead to detonation. Oil remains a preferable energy beginning and increasing demand for this resource translates to an increasing demand to transport them where they are needed safely, quickly and at the cheapest cost. In this respect, grapevines remain a cost-efficient pick particularly for transporting at long distances on land. Consequently, building of these mega grapevine substructure undertakings will hold immediate important impacts on the environment in the event of a big release of hydrocarbons. It is necessary so that these undertakings be carefully assessed and managed to extenuate the inauspicious impacts of an oil spill incident. The companies involved in oil derive each have their ain informations. They are besides each responsible for operations. If informations non shared consequently, there will be opportunities of accident which may subsequently do oil spill. They should portion the informations otherwise and carried out the operation otherwise. Another the most common hazard that lead to oil spill is runoff from the land. Many land-based engines are running by crude oil fuel or crude oil based lubricators. All these substances are easy released, where roll uping on roads and in the land where eventually stop up in ocean. This happens due to miss of consciousness among us. These issues may do a serious pollution issue.Consequences of all the jeopardies of the spill catastropheThe 1989 Valdez incident was one of the lowest points in Exxon Mobil ‘s 125 twelvemonth history. The incident made Exxon Mobile took duty over the oil spill. As portion of the condemnable supplication understanding, the tribunal fined Exxon $ 150 million. They spent over $ 4.3 billion. The killing procedure required about 10,000 plus workers, 1,000 over boats and approximately 100 over aeroplanes and choppers. The all right which Exxon Mobile paid was the largest all right of all time for the environmental offense. This was the direct impact from the catastrophe. The spill had caused over $ 300 million injury particularly to economic wise more than 32 1000 people whose supports depended on commercial fishing. Oil spill hold a serious consequence on marine life every bit good. Oil spill cause dislocation of gas exchange. This ulterior lead to decease of plankton and fish. The petroleum oil besides poisoning animate beings. Marine life dies due to this grounds. Besides marine life birds besides affected by oil spill. Birds which have direct contact with oil affects its protective outer coat. It breaks down the insulating capacity of plumes and pelt and motion. Spending which allocated for touristry decreased by eight per centum in south cardinal Alaska and by 30 five per centum in south west Alaska in the twelvemonth after the spill. Deceased fishes and birds all get washed up on the shoreline and the oil slipperiness interferes in actions such as seafaring, swimming, fishing and touristry. The local touristry industry suffers the much because tourers are non acute in coming to a coastal country where they can non make the activities which listed above. There was a loss of around 9,000 visitants and $ 5.5 million in province disbursement. Industries that depend on clean saltwater for regular operations can besides impact because operations have to be stopped while the procedure of cleaning the H2O. Oil spill besides straight affects the economic system. Recreational athletics fishing had direct impact from Exxon Valdez oil spill. This loss was estimated based on the impacts of the oil spill.for the twelvemonth 1989, the doomed was estimated around $ 580million. The oil spill catastrophe is non a job which can be cleaned instantly. It leaves a long term effects to the environment. After 12 old ages from the spill, a study showed oil could still be found on half of the 91 indiscriminately selected beaches. For illustration, serious exposures for old ages after the spill to oil persisting in sedimentary safeties were proves from biomarkers in fish, sea otters, and sea ducks confidentially connected with deposits for egg laying or forage. These continual exposures improved mortality for old ages.Improvements and alterations in the directionAfter the awful incident, Exxon Mobil had doubled its long-time committedness to safeguard the environment, employees and runing communities over the worldwide. To forestall another catastrophe Exxon Mobil had modified its oiler paths. They planned consequently the paths. They even instituted drug and intoxicant testing plans for safety and sensitive issue. They had learned a lesson from the old catastrophe. Implementing more extended periodic appraisal of Exxon Mobil vass and installations seems another measure to forestall oil spill. They even applied new engineering to better vas pilotage and guarantee the unity of oil containment systems. Not merely Exxon Mobil but each and every direction involved in this field should fix some betterment to forestall oil spill. There are ; – Hazard appraisal – through a comprehensive hazard appraisal, can organize a solid scientific foundation for all their response programs. . It gives an indicant on where you can place your intercession steps and what equipment needs to be at that place to efficaciously pull off a spill incident. Environmental sensitivenesss – see the sensitivenesss in the country which may be potentially impacted in an oil spill. Pipeline response scheme – the grapevines are normally really long and it is non possible to mensurate spill sensor every kilometres. So should pattern sitting of response bases to react in an efficient and timely mode. Equipment types and measure – the quality of the equipment is really of import. Management should verify whether the equipment following the ISO criterion. Stakeholder direction – this is an unmarked critical component. A stakeholder is anyone who has an involvement in the undertaking and can act upon or impact the success of a undertaking. Management should see and understand their motivations and place

John the Savage’s New World

Brave New World Essay In Brave New World, John the Savage willfully exiles himself from the reservation, where he was born and raised, in order to travel to the new world; because of his passion for learning and this twisted idea of becoming happy through his acceptance. Aloud Huxley has written a novel where the main character experiences a type of exile that is tragically unalienable while being beneficial.John's experiences in the world state were enriching; however, they were even more alienating and they ended up being so potent that it eventually pushed John to his early demise. John's exile was stimulating because of his discovery that truth and happiness are incompatible. He is faced with the idea that he will not be completely accepted by others because of how he is unlike anyone in the utopian society. His self-value was based on how others perceived him, his exile allowed him to see that his value should not be found in others.Upon their arrival to the World State, Bernard begins to parade John around to the other citizens in order to gain popularity. John recognizes the fact that the imaginary happiness that he has created for himself In he new world is fake, he decides that he â€Å"rather be unhappy than have the sort of false, lying happiness† that Bernard has from his newfound social status (Huxley 179). John becomes disturbed by the culture; he begins to accept the fact that these people only want to meet him because of how different he Is from them.John's exile was educational and allowed him to see veracity; however, his outcast was even more destructive to him because of how It shatters his beliefs, the way It Isolates him from the citizens in the world state, how he feels that he was contaminated by their society, and overall It distances himself even further from anyone from either of his two worlds. His newfound perspective altered the manner he Interpreted everything In Its entirety and unfortunately his transformation of viewpoin ts Is for the worse.In an argument with Mustache Mood, Mustache claims that John Is â€Å"claiming the right to be unhappy† and John responds by defiantly agreeing with him and saying that he Is In fact â€Å"claiming the right to be unhappy' (Huxley 240). John and Mustache have separate Ideas of what happiness Is. Mustache thinks â€Å"happiness Is a hard master – particularly other people's happiness† (Huxley 226). He chooses to pursue political power over scientific truth, Mustache genuinely believes In the system of the World State; he's not compromising his values, he's fighting for them.John, however, believes that happiness Is found with the Individual and he freely admits that he hates the way that this new collocation Is systematically run. Brave New World portrays a society that has been designed for Idealistic happiness and not the Individual. Everyone values their own entity over their happiness, as John the Savage's exile enlightens the audience; a nd the lack of Independence In Huxley evolve strikes a certain fear of this kind of society Into the reader. Huxley society Is one that Is constructed from standards that would not be deemed as moral In this day and age.John the Savage's New World By griffin recognizes the fact that the imaginary happiness that he has created for himself in people only want to meet him because of how different he is from them. John's more destructive to him because of how it shatters his beliefs, the way it isolates him society, and overall it distances himself even further from anyone from either of his two worlds. His newfound perspective altered the manner he interpreted everything n its entirety and unfortunately his transformation of viewpoints is for the worse.In an argument with Mustache Mood, Mustache claims that John is â€Å"claiming the right to be unhappy' and John responds by defiantly agreeing with him and saying that he is in fact â€Å"claiming the right to be unhappy' (Huxley 240) . John and Mustache have separate ideas of what happiness is. Mustache thinks â€Å"happiness is a hard master – particularly other people's happiness† (Huxley 226). He chooses to pursue political power over scientific truth, Mustache genuinely believes in the system of the World State; he's not compromising his values, he's fighting for them.John, however, believes that happiness is found with the individual and he freely admits that he hates the way that this new civilization is systematically run. Portrays a society that has been designed for idealistic happiness and not the individual. Everyone values their own entity over their happiness, as John the Savage's exile enlightens the audience; and the lack of independence in Huxley novel strikes a certain fear of this kind of society into the reader. Huxley society is one that is constructed from standards that would not be deemed as moral in this

A View from the Bridge – Notes

A View from the Bridge – Notes â€Å"Just remember, kid, you can quicker get back a million dollars that was stole than a word that you gave away. † Eddie speaks this quote in Act I, while eating dinner with Beatrice and Catherine. This quote reveals the irony and madness of Eddie's character. In the beginning of the play, Eddie tells the story of a young boy who called immigration on his relatives. Eddie lectures Catherine about how they must tell no one about Marco and Rodolpho, the illegal immigrant cousins the family will be hiding. However, in the end of the play, Eddie obviously calls Immigration on these cousins, just like the boy.Miller sets up Eddie so vehemently against betrayal that his transition to the betrayer seems illogical. The set-up requires Eddie to undergo a drastic change, if not complete breakdown, within the play to make such a transition. The force of this transition reveals no only his self-destructive madness, but the deepness of his unspoken love for his niece. This quote also reveals that Eddie knows his own fate—he knows what will happen to him, but cannot escape his fate. Much like Alfieri, Eddie watches himself make decisions he knows will not only ruin his reputation in the community, but also possibly kill him.Eddie may know the consequence of what he does, but remains powerless or too mad to stop it. â€Å"His eyes were like tunnels; my first thought was that he had committed a crime, but soon I saw it was only a passion that had moved into his body, like a stranger. † In this quote, found in Act I, Alferi describes Eddie's appearance at their first meeting, to the audience. Alfieri almost seems to fear Eddie as a paranormal beast, a remnant of the great Greek or Roman tragedy. Alfieri truly believes that Eddie was possessed with, â€Å"passion that has moved into his body, like a stranger,† and was unable to control him.The passion that Alfieri describes is the passion for his niece Catherin e. The passion, unreleased and suppressed in his unconscious was a stranger to Eddie's conscious self that actively denied any thoughts of incest or otherwise. This quote also reveals the style of Alfieri. Alfieri tells the tale of Eddie Carbone as if he is a legend. Eddie is described with dramatic and literary descriptions that are unusual in the dramatic form. â€Å"Eddie: Then why—Oh, B.! Beatrice: Yes, yes! Eddie: My B.! † This quote occurs at the conclusion of the play and is spoken between Eddie and Beatrice.As Eddie lies dying in Beatrice's arms, the couple finds some sort of reconciliation and repair of their torn and battered relationship. Beatrice, even under such horrible circumstances, is able to forgive Eddie. Eddie constantly dominates Beatrice throughout the play, but in this tiny moment Eddie needs Beatrice more than she needs him. It is the first time the audience hears that Eddie needs and it is the first time that he honestly needs Beatrice. Beatric e is the tirelessly forgiving character of the play. She is terribly jealous of her niece, who receives more attention from her husband than she does, but still forgives Eddie in the end.This final scene was one of the major alterations of the revised script of A View from the Bridge. In the original version, Eddie dies at the feet of Catherine. However, because of Beatrice's increased presence in the revised version and downscaling of the relationship between Eddie and Catherine—Eddie must return to Beatrice. Beatrice is the only female who, in the end, needs him. Catherine, now beyond his control, no longer seeks his approval. Thus, Eddie is drawn to Beatrice and for the first time he seeks out Beatrice, her forgiveness and love. â€Å"Beatrice: You want somethin' else, Eddie, and you can never have her! †This quote, spoken by Beatrice in the conclusion of Act II to Eddie, is the first time that Eddie seems to realize his true feelings for Catherine and recognize his own madness. Until this moment, no one has directly spoken about Eddie's feelings for Catherine. Although they are obviously known by Beatrice and Alfieri, know one has dared to actually tell Eddie what is wrong with him. But even when Eddie realizes his demon, the love for his niece, he is powerless to stop it. Eddie lunges forward and attempts to kill Marco. In this moment of Sicilian revenge, Eddie cannot pull himself back or regain any sense of reason.Perhaps even the recognition of the sexual taboo makes Eddie even more determined to seek revenge or at least find some sort of success or honor in his death. Eddie does not even have the power to deny Beatrice's claim, but instead follows through his destructive path. This moment may bring Eddie out of his madness enough to lie in Beatrice's arms as he bleeds to death. Once he has recognized his sinful love for Catherine, Eddie seems to find himself once again—which may explain why he is able to reconcile his relationship with Beatrice. â€Å"Most of the time we settle for half and I like it better.Even as I know how wrong he was, and his death useless, I tremble, for I confess that something perversely pure calls to me from his memory—not purely good, but himself purely And yet, it is better to settle for half, it must be! And so I mourn him—I admit it—with a certain alarm. † This quote deals with the central conflict of A View from the Bridge: the self will verses the will of the community. The whole man that Alfieri describes in Eddie is the self-interested man. Eddie's actions within the play are completely motivated by his own desires at the expense of others.Thus, humans must act halfway to preserve the rules of the community and lives of others. The idea that Alfieri suggests, that Eddie acted as a whole person, unrestrained and uninhibited is true. However, Eddie's wholeness was at the expense of his own family and eventually himself. He only escaped restraint beca use he escaped consideration of other people or the community at large. Eddie's wholeness is a whole interest in his own life. His tragic flaw is this self-interest—a flaw that seems both admirable and alarming to Alfieri. Themes The irrational human animal pic][pic]Eddie looses control of his actions in the play. Driven and possessed by incestuous love for his niece, Eddie resorts to desperate measures to protect his identity and name in the community. Alfieri's commentary often remarks on this theme. Alfieri seems constantly amazed by Eddie's actions and his own reactions to the events of the play. Alfieri sees his own irrational thinking, just as he recognizes Eddie's irrational behavior. Irrationality is also how Alfieri defines acting wholly. The human animal becomes irrational when he acts fully on his instincts—just as Eddie does in the play.Alfieri proposes that humans must act as a half, or restrain some of our instinctual needs or wants for reason. Nonetheles s, Alfieri still admires the irrational—the unleashed human spirit that reacts as it will. Allegiance to community law There is great conflict between community and American law in the play. The community abides by Sicilian-American customs protects illegal immigrants within their homes, values respect and family, is hard working and know the shipping culture, has strong associations with names, believes in trust and wants revenge when a member has been wronged.Some of these values, however, come in conflict with those of the American system of justice. Eddie Carbone chooses to turn against his community and abide by the state laws. He looses the respect of his community and friends—the name and personal identity he treasures. Eddie Carbone, with a stronger allegiance to the community, reverts back to another custom of Sicilian-Americans: revenge. Not only is Eddie pulled back to the values of his community, but the final victor of the play is symbolic of community val ues—the Italian, Marco. Thus, the small community is stronger than American law.Motifs Homosexuality Although specifically articulated, homosexuality or what makes a man â€Å"not right† is a persistent theme of the novel. Eddie obviously identifies Rodolpho as homosexual because Rodolpho sings, cooks and sews a dress for Catherine. Eddie also questions Rodolpho because he does not like to work and has bleach blonde hair that makes him look more feminine. Eddie gives Rodolpho several tests of his masculinity. In the first he teaches Rodolpho how to box and the second, more blatantly, Eddie kisses Rodolpho on the lips.Many critics think that this kiss is a sign of Eddie's own suppressed homosexual feelings, an easy parallel with his kiss with Catherine. Miller seems to take no stand either way, and the sexuality of Rodolpho or Eddie is unclear. However, the stereotypes of the gay man and societal implications of being gay are obvious. Louis and Mike, when talking about Rodolpho, clearly think there is something wrong with him and Eddie speaks directly to Alfieri about the specific things that bother him about Rodolpho. Womanhood The idea of what makes a woman or what defines a woman is very prevalent in the text.Catherine and Beatrice talk specifically about the terms in their conversation in Act I. Beatrice thinks Catherine needs to grow up and become a woman. To do this she needs to decide by herself whether she wants to marry Rodolpho. She needs to stop walking around the house in her slip in front of Eddie, and not sit on the edge of the tub while Eddie shaves his beard. In essence, being a woman means reserve and modesty in front of men, and independently making decisions. The idea of independence or separation from Eddie is coupled with the decision to find another male to attach to, a husband.Catherine's attempt at womanhood is deciding to marry Rodolpho and follow his rules rather than Eddie's. Community Community is a powerful context for the play; it dictates very specific norms and rules for the family that controls the actions of the characters. All of the characters are forced to reconcile between American culture and the Italian community culture that surrounds. The cultural and moral difference between the two provides one of the great conflicts in the play. The tight community around them also creates great tension in the Carbone family because they are constantly being watched.The neighbors knew when Marco and Rodolpho arrived, saw Marco spit in Eddie's face and Eddie die by Marco's hand. The community is the watcher; the group controls and monitors the behavior of every member. Although Eddie takes a substantial turn away from the community by calling the Immigration Bureau, he still needs acceptance and spends his last moments fighting Marco for his good name in the community. Symbols High Heels [pic][pic]For Catherine, high heels are representative of womanhood, flirtation and sexiness.She has just starte d wearing high heels around the community and to school and obviously enjoys the attention she gets from men. They are also symbolic as a rite-of-passage to womanhood. As Eddie strongly disapproves of her wearing them, Catherine purposefully rebels against her uncle every time she puts them on. The high heels give her sexual power over men—they look, stare and gawk at her beauty. Eddie thinks the heels are threatening for the same reasons Catherine loves them. Eddie is fearful that, if she looks attractive, some man will ask her out and she will leave the house.Eddie has a powerful reaction when she wears the high heels, as if she must take them off so they do not arouse him or anyone else. Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge is symbolic of a pathway of opportunity to Manhattan and also the linkage between American and Italian cultures. The bridge, which is very close to the Red Hook community, is a constant reminder of American opportunity and industry. From the bridge, one can see the community below and, like the title of the book, one can see the entire community and seek greater abstract meaning from his viewpoint.Alfieri is symbolic of the person on the bridge looking down upon the Red Hook community or, perhaps, he is the bridge himself, allowing the people to cross into Manhattan and modern, intellectual American culture. Alfieri attempts to unite the American laws with Italian cultural practices and negotiate a place in between the two. Alfieri, narrating the story from the present looking back to the past, has the same vantage point as one looking from the bridge. After some time passes, he is able to process the events and see the greater societal and moral implications it has for the community as a whole. ItalyThe origin of the majority of the people in the Red Hook community, Italy represents homeland, origin and culture. What the country means to characters greatly varies. Catherine associates Italy with mystery, romance and beauty. Rodolp ho, on the other hand, is actually from Italy, and thinks it is a place with little opportunity that he would like to escape from. All of the characters, as much as love the benefit of living in the U. S. , still strongly hold to Italian traditions and identify it as home. Italy is the basis of the cultural traditions in Red Hook and unites the community in common social practices and religion.